Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Example Essay Example

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Example Paper Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Introduction Unit 9 1. 1 As a nursery nurture you have to add to a program old enough proper exercises intended to invigorate the kids you are working with: †¢ Keep an exact record of accomplishment document on your key youngsters †¢ Be an expert dynamic colleague, offering fitting help to your associates †¢ Liaise with and bolster guardians and other relatives †¢ Attend ALL out of working hours exercises, e. g. preparing, month to month staff gatherings, parents’ nighttimes, summer fayre, Christmas celebration, and so on †¢ Be adaptable inside working acts of the Nursery. Be set up to help where required, including residential employments inside the Nursery, e. g. arrangement of nibble dinners, cleaning gear and so on †¢ Work with the Manager and her group to guarantee that the Nursery’s theory is reflected †¢ Record mishaps in the mishap book. Ensure that guardians read and sign the report. †¢ Look at the Nursery as a ‘whole’, w here your assistance is generally required and how you can most adequately address the issues of the kids in your consideration †¢ Make sure that each youngster is gathered by somebody known to the Nursery †¢ Respect the secrecy of data got Develop your job inside the group, particularly your job as a key specialist †¢ Specified Child Care Tasks: a. Get ready and complete exercises that coordinate the child’s phase of improvement b. Ensure that eating times are a period of lovely social sharing c. Wash and change kids as required d. Give solace and warmth to a miserable or wiped out youngster †¢ Help to ensure that the earth addresses the issues of Nursery kids, mirroring their societies and strict foundations, and phases of advancement †¢ Be mindful of the prominent of the Nursery and to maintain its guidelines consistently. . 2 In my job I am required to help the staff, to be dependable and construct a decent connection with the youngsters, urging t hem as well as could be expected in their learning, to help their development in information and help with improving their turn of events, so they can develop comprehensively. To know about any feeble regions that I go over while working with the youngsters, for instance a kid that may require additional help inside their numeracy, education or phonics time. I am likewise expected to bargain, as well as could be expected, with testing forceful, impolite or damaged kids. Unit 9 Nvq Level 3 Essay Body Paragraphs While I may need to do this now and again I am additionally mindful that the class educator is there for help. I have needed to manage terrible language utilized by a student when managing the youngster I clarified that the words utilized where not words that ought to be utilized. I discovered why the student had said those words and asked what words we could use. Just as working with my own class educator I can be asked now and again to proceed to help another instructor in another class. I am relied upon to adjust rapidly to the next class and to the exercise there having. My job likewise implies that I will bolster the kids so they are certain about their excursion however the school. It is significant that I act in the right way inside the school as youngsters will frequently reflect others activities. I stay proficient consistently and act fittingly. 2. 1 As an aspect of our responsibilities job it is essential to do intelligent practice particularly in light of the fact that we work with kids/youngsters and our adequacy will affect them and their learning. Intelligent practice implies considering and assessing what you do and talking about any progressions which could be made. This implies concentrating on how we connect with associates, administration clients and the earth. It implies pondering how we could have accomplished something in an unexpected way, what we progressed admirably, what we could have improved. How we can improve what you have done. It likewise implies mirroring our own qualities, convictions and encounters which shape our musings and thoughts. This will permit us to get a more clear image of your own conduct and a superior comprehension of our qualities and shortcomings with the goal that we can gain from our own errors and take fitting future activities. Improving the nature of our presentation: †Allows us a target take a gander at our training so as to improve †Helps us to perceive what we progress admirably with the goal that we can apply these aptitudes in different circumstances †Improves proficient judgment †Helps us to gain from victories and errors to upgrade advancement †Helps us to get ready for future circumstances and in this way react all the more decidedly to change †Enables us to apply the ability of reflection to the self-awareness cycle Reflective practice permits us to help the youngsters better and better-on the off chance that we have worries about how the meeting went we can think back and work out what more we could have done. We may have utilized one asset and thought that it was valuable and afterward pick it again with another kid. 2. 3 Everyone has various qualities, convictions and inclinations. What you put stock in, what you see as significant and what you see as worthy or attractive is a basic piece of what your identity is. The manner by which you react to individuals is connected to what you put stock in, what you consider significant and what intrig ues you. You may discover you respond emphatically to individuals who share your qualities and less heartily to individuals who have various needs. At the point when you create fellowships, it is normal to invest energy with individuals who share your inclinations and qualities. Be that as it may, the expert connections you create with individuals you support are another issue. As an expert, you are required to give a similar nature of help for all, not only for the individuals who share your perspectives and convictions. This may appear glaringly evident, however recognizing what you have to do and accomplishing it effectively isn't something very similar. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurse’s obligation to give a sheltered, warm and caring condition where kids feel invited and adored and can learn and create at their own pace, with direction and management as proper, all together that parent may have true serenity to go to work realizing that their child’s prosperity is funda mental. The obligations and duties are: †¢ To tune in to guardians as specialists on their own youngsters, to regard families customs and childcare rehearses and to follow parents’ wishes as intently as conceivable inside the setting of thinking about kids from a few unique families. †¢ To design and give exercises and assets suitable to each child’s age, phase of advancement and individual needs and interests with due respect the necessities of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). †¢ To give a protected domain, both at the youngster minders property and on excursions. To show youngsters safe practices and to hold a present medical aid authentication. †¢ To keep up train and empower positive conduct. †¢ To know about the signs and side effects which demonstrate the chance of misuse and to know about the present technique for announcing concerns. †¢ To furnish a shifted wholesome menu with due respect to the dietary necessities of every kid, guardians wishes and the present proficient suggestions for children’s slims down. †¢ To give a sound situation and to urge kids to settle on solid decisions. To liaise with and, where important, to look for counsel from experts, with due respect to secrecy, including preschool pioneers, teachers, wellbeing guest. †¢ To hold fast to necessities set out by applicable specialists, for example, Ofsted, protection suppliers, inland income. †¢ To consent to important enactment, for example, that covering wellbeing and security, food cleanliness, fire or arranging necessities and to keep fitting records with due respect to secrecy. †¢ To meet the prerequisites of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). A kid minder ought to likewise love and sustain each youngster so they become sure and solid and form into sound and caring youngsters and grown-ups. 4. 1 While at work it encourages me when I have an evaluation meeting with the director, this is on the gro unds that I can choose the things I figure I do best and the things I don’t do on a par with I ought to do. This is likewise valuable as the supervisor will have a few focuses to address me about things so then I can utilize these to assist me with turning into an expert nursery professional. It’s additionally helpful when I get managed through new things e. at the point when I originally got key youngsters I got so much assistance and oversight through this that it caused me to get more grounded at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is essential to assess learning exercises are: †¢ To perceive what is working and what necessities evacuating or changing †¢ To survey how the exercises are being conveyed and how they could be improved †¢ To perceive how the exercises are being gotten by the members Evaluation is significant as it assists when arranging and encourages you to think about the discovering that has occurred. Investing energy experiencing the learnin g exercises and perceiving how understudies have reacted to a specific undertaking or question, can truly enable re-to shape it for future classes. It is likewise essential to glance back at the learning objects so you can gauge what the youngsters have realized. On the off chance that you don't ponder learning goals at the arranging stage, it won't generally be conceivable to assess whether students have accomplished them. Learning goals should be clear for this to be conceivable. †¢ Learners must comprehend what the results mean. †¢ They should be reachable. †¢ We should have the option to survey understudies against them. Assessing causes you to check whether something is succeeding or may require evolving. In the event that understudies zoomed through the movement and, at that point looked rather exhausted then it would be clear that the tas

The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF)

The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) By Daniel Scocco A year ago we had an arrangement called English Grammar 101, where the essential language structure rules were secured. Numerous perusers inquired as to whether it was conceivable to change that arrangement into a digital book. We believed that the thought was acceptable in reality, and began taking a shot at it. Maeve altered the entire thing, including models and formating the areas. The digital book (in PDF position) is at last prepared, with 34 pages of substance. You can download it for nothing out of pocket. Underneath you will locate the substance of the digital book and the membership structure to demand your download interface. digital book Content Heres a breakdown of the segments you will discover in the eBook: Presentation Segment 1: Sentences The subject Predicate Gestures of recognition and statements The article The supplement Area 2: Parts of discourse Thing Pronoun Descriptor Action word Modifier Relational word Addition Combination So as to download the digital book you basically need to buy in to DailyWritingTips email list. We just convey one email for every week, on Tuesdays, and we just send valuable substance that will assist you with improving your composing aptitudes. Themes secured go from English sentence structure to accentuation and style. In the wake of buying in your email address underneath you ought to get the digital book download interface inside a few minutes. Buy in underneath to get a download connect through email Heres how our email containing the download connect resembles. Clearly joining our email list is free and you can withdraw whenever you need. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar 101 classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Creative Writing 101Latin Plural Endings10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

The Broke Persons Guide to Moving

The Broke Person’s Guide to Moving The Broke Person’s Guide to Moving The Broke Person’s Guide to MovingIf your plan for a low-cost move revolves entirely around asking friends and family members to pitch in, think again.Do you have an upcoming move to plan for? You are not alone. An estimated 40 million people move each year in the United States and a whopping 80 percent of those moves happen April through September, with the summer months being the busiest.Whether you are hiring movers or enlisting friends and family to help, moving can be expensiveâ€"and the more you have to move and the longer distance you have to move, the more the cost goes up. Think about it: You may have to hire professionals, rent a truck, pay for storage and then  there are the things you may not think about, like utility connection fees, buying replacements, and more.It’s estimated that moving a one-bedroom apartment, for example, may cost between $200 and $500 while moving a four bedroom house may cost $800 to upwards of $2,000!For those of us living on a budget, movin g expenses can seem like a hardshipâ€"especially when you are forced to do so, like when your landlord suddenly decides to sell your rented apartment as condos. That’s why we’ve gathered some advice for keeping those costs as low as possible.Do not pay for boxes.Sure, you can pay for moving boxes, but why would you want to? “There are free boxes to be had,” says professional organizer Felice Cohen (@FeliceCohen). Ask friends. Ask family. Ask stores, says Cohen. They will often give you boxes for free since they are usually headed for the recycle bin anyway. Furniture stores, book stores, and other places that deal in heavy items are good bets. “Avoid liquor stores as some boxes may have gotten wet and may attract bugs,” says Cohen. “Food stores are okay, but check the boxes” to make sure they are not soiled.Also, even if you are paying movers, try packing those boxes yourself. “The more you can have packed before the movers arrive the more time and money youll save ,” says Cohen.However, if you decide to pack up boxes yourself, be sure you are meeting the professional movers’ expectations. Packing fees are one of the top three areas of additional expense that Ryan Carrigan, co-founder of moveBuddha (@movebuddha), sees when consulting with people who are moving.“If you plan on prepping and packing fragile items like flat-screen TVs or glass table tops, make sure you meet the movers packing standards,” says Carrigan. “We often see people pack these items improperly only to be charged a lot in packing fees when the movers have to repack them on moving day. Always ask the moving company about packing requirements.”It’s also a good idea to start packing early. Taking time off from work, especially for hourly employees, to pack means you are losing money. The solution? “Pack during the evenings and move during the weekend,” says T. J. Peterson of Oz Moving Storage  (@ozmovingnyc). Limiting yourself to the evening hours means packi ng may take much longer than doing it all at once, so give yourself plenty of time before the big move.Weigh the cost of a DIY move.The classic cost-saving moving tip is enlisting friends and family. This is more easily done with shorter moves. But don’t be afraid to use your network. If you don’t have one yourself, chances are, someone you know has a pick-up truck or vehicle with a hitchâ€"necessary for cheaper self-haul trailers.If you can’t find a pick-up truck, consider looking into services such as Phlatbed, which is an app that allows hundreds of local vetted and background-checked drivers to bid on your job.However, it is important to consider the potential costs of not hiring professional movers. “Cutting costs can have a high price,” says Peterson. “If an item breaks, or god forbid a bone breaks, as a result of amateurs trying to handle a move themselves, it can create additional unforeseen costs.”Before deciding to DIY, it’s worth looking into professional movers in your area and collecting quotes. Get at least three quotes, and be sure to ask which factors affect the quote the most to see if you can reduce it.It’s also worth noting that if you decide to rent a small moving truck and drive it yourself, you should be honest with yourself about your abilities. Driving a moving truckâ€"or even towing a trailerâ€"is not exactly like driving a standard vehicle. Traffic violations or an accident on the road could end up costing you more than you bargained for.Additionally, while you may not have to pay friends and family an hourly rate to help you move, there are still costs associated with a DIY move, such as food and drink, gas, and truck and trailer rentals. Be sure to count all those up as you compare the cost of DIY to a professional move.Get rid of stuff.“Before you pack a single item, make sure you really want/love/need it,” says Cohen. “Remember, everything you take will have to be boxed, carried out, driven, carried into th e new place and unpacked. Is everything worth all that time and money?”Chances are, a lot of stuff is not. Now is the time to clean out your closets, cupboards, and attics. Clothes that you haven’t worn in years? Donate them. Spices that have since expired? Toss them. That pile of old electronics and cords? Find a local place to recycle them.Pay particular attention to heavy and/or large items, like books and furniture. Unless you have precious family heirlooms, big items like couches, dressers, and other types of furniture may be more trouble to move than they are worthâ€"especially if you are moving a great distance or are trying to get the move done with just the help of friends and family. Furniture can often be replaced easily and affordably on the second-hand market.Try selling unwanted pieces before you move, either at an old-fashioned yard sale, to used furniture stores, or on online marketplaces such as Craigslist, Letgo, and Facebook. If you cannot sell them, donate th em to organizations and charities that resell second-hand items. Sometimes, local organizations will even pick up your items for you.But don’t get rid of everything!There are some things that seem like trash until you consider their replacement cost. Cleaning supplies, for example, even when they are partially used. “Keep almost empty cleaning supplies,” says Cohen. “These supplies are expensive so dont let them go to waste. Keep in their own box and use them to clean the home youre leaving/and to use in the new place.”Moving can be expensive, but you shouldnt let it drive you deep into debt and leave you stuck relying on short-term  bad credit loans  and  no credit check loans  (like  payday loans,  cash advances, and  title loans  to make ends meet. To learn more about saving money on everyday expenses, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:The Broke Person’s Guide to Hanging With FriendsSave a Few Bucks on Fido with These DIY Pet ToysReusable Purchas es That Will Save You Money in the Long RunCar Maintenance Tips That Will Save You Money Down the RoadDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |InstagramContributorsRyan Carrigan is the Co-Founder of  moveBuddha (@movebuddha)â€"the fastest and easiest way to plan a move online. With over a decade of moving experience, Ryan has helped thousands of people successfully complete local and long-distance moves.Felice Cohen (@FeliceCohen), author of What Papa Told Me,  a memoir about her grandfather’s life before, during and after the Holocaust, has sold over 30,000 copies worldwide and was endorsed by Elie Wiesel. Her newest book, 90 Lessons for Living Large in 90 Square Feet (or More)”  came about after a YouTube video of her 90 sq’ NYC studio went viral.  90 Lessons  is a want-to guide motivating others to “live large” in any sized space. Felice has been a professional organizer for over 20 years .T.J. Peterson is   Digital Marketing Manager for  Oz Moving Storage  (@ozmovingnyc) in New York.

Essay on Artist Pain Exposed in Kafkas A Hunger Artist

Artist Pain Exposed in Kafkas A Hunger Artist In A Hunger Artist, Kafka comments on the life of the modern artist through the life of a hunger artist. Kafka comments that the modern artist is always dissatisfied with his or her art. The modern artist also is trapped in a harsh and capricious world, in which the artist struggles to maintain his or her audience by pushing the extreme, but are cheated because they do not receive his or her recognition. Finally, in A Hunger Artist Kafka refers to the modern artists struggle between the need for fame and the need for isolation. As a modern artist, Kafka has experienced the qualities that characterize the modern artist and his experiences have greatly influenced his work,†¦show more content†¦In A Hunger Artist the artist joins the circus and wants to astound the world by setting a fasting record. However, the more the artist fasted the more the crowds ignored him. Critic R.O.C. Winkler suggests that the crowds ignored the artist because of a corruption in the relationships b etween humans.iii[iii] The corruption is seen when a passer-by stopped and looked at the old figure on the sign and spoke of swindling. The comment made by the passer-by cheated the hunger artist of his recognition, and showed the worlds inborn malice and indifference. The hunger artists eroded cage, comprised of dirty and illegible placards, the pointless sign tracking the days of the fast and dirty straw, further signified the corruption in the relationship between the hunger artist and the world. During Kafkas lifetime he saw a shift in his audiences attention and felt alienated by modern society.iv As the hunger artist sought the crowds attention he was also trapped in another struggle between his need for fame and his need for isolation. The struggle is seen when the artists cage was set up near the animals in the circus. As people walked to the menagerie they saw the artist and some stayed and stared and others rushed off to see the animals. Ironically, the artist disliked the people

A Review of Good Essay Topics for Grade 8

A Review of Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 What Does Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Mean? Year round school isn't a good idea. Otherwise, you're likely to receive a minimal grade. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to have tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. A minumum of one parent should work at home. The shortage of superior support sources are going to result in a decrease grade. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. In certain instances, it's quite tricky to be descriptive and creative at the very same moment. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. All the student must do is provide the specifics. Don't be afraid to use our services if obtaining a high score is of extreme importance for you! Ruthless Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Strategies Exploited Moving forward consider the obvious similarities and differences. Making an outline is vital if you wish to create a great work. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. The major goal is to describe various organizational patterns. Have a peek at the example below. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are ordinarily at no cost. The Good, the Bad and Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Don't panic if you are not able to receive your descriptive essay right. Like every assignment, a descriptive essay has a particular function. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. If you would like to create a descriptive essay about your own personal experience, it could possibly be unusual and specific. Other folks think it's a lot more difficult than any other written assignment. Work on the thesis statement as soon as you choose the topic. Other folks argue it doesn't exist in any respect. SATs ought to be eliminated. Some students utilize the very first idea which arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't profitable. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the obvious evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Well, the reply isn't too obvious here. MP3 music ought to be free. You are able to produce a more original bit of writing. The vital reason many writers fail is they don't go further. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are necessary to support your understanding of academic writing style. The secondary aim is to leave an immense impression on the reader. Consider the subsequent speech ideas, a few of which are easy, and others might be a bit difficult yet relevant. When you have sorted out things, hit books looking for relevant details. The reader needs to be impressed by the manner in which you defend your ideas. If you are fortunate enough to land the correct site, you will without a doubt find several topics that are worth note. You're a true topic enthusiast!

The Co-Operative Bank IMC Free Essays

string(171) " key message the bank wants to convey to its target audience is that it is a values-driven bank that plays fair in a banking landscape that is thought of as the opposite\." Executive Summary The Co-operative Bank Is New Sealant’s only bank that Is owned by its customers. Formerly simply a Building Society, the bank Is now looking to grow its customer base as a fully registered bank through a variety of avenues Including appealing to the tertiary student market. This report focuses on the Integrated marketing communications needed for accurately targeting the tertiary market. We will write a custom essay sample on The Co-Operative Bank IMC or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, It outlines a situation analysis including a PEST analysis, a competitor analysis, and the target market and the positioning of the Co-operative Bank with regards to its competitors. The communication strategy looks closely into the banks current communications offerings. This analysis focuses on how the companies message combines with its with the imagery used in its advertising. The media strategy outlines how the company has used awareness, universal and emotion strategies in its communications to target the tertiary market. Objectives are then outlined to provide scope for the banks future MIMIC activities. Finally, the report provides recommendations (Including personal selling, promotion and public relations) and improvements to help the bank reach Its objectives In the next 12 months. As technology is always changing it is important that banks are continuing to update and make changes to their digital platforms to continue to be competitive in the market. 1. 2. 4 Environment -Environmental factors do not have a massive impact over the Co-operative bank forever climate change have some effect on the success of New Zealand businesses abilities to save and service loans. Particularly as New Zealand is an agricultural based society and climate change disrupts farming processes. 2 Competitor Analysis In the tertiary banking sector there are 5 main players that the Bank must compete with. Each has their own drawer however the reality is the base package each bank offers is very similar and in terms of costs, the banks offer students free or relatively free banking – See Appendix 1. On top of this each bank differentiates itself by offering extra services that are enticing to the student lifestyle. 2. 1 ASP ASP, as well as a relatively free base package, offers students free fries at McDonald’s every time they use their card. This â€Å"gimmick† is attractive to students as it means offer students a large overdraft and a txt when funds are running low. 2. ANZA Ann.’s tertiary package is perhaps the least â€Å"gimmicky’ of the big banks. They offer accessible branches and Tam’s on campus as they are aware a student is often time poor. 2. 3 BENZ Ban’s Younger is known to be extremely innovative and in tune with a tertiary audience’s preference for good, simple web design. Their point of difference is an industry l eading web application that makes handling finances, something that student have great difficulty doing, every simple. 2. 4 Westward Wastepaper’s Student Pace, historically, has used gimmicks such as a free $25 upon sign up and a free pizza to engage the tertiary audience to bank with them. In the long term they also offer a â€Å"save and win† scheme that entices students to bank with them to win money on the money they choose to save. 2. 5 Kickback Kickback has perhaps the most comprehensive banking package. Their extra services include software to help manage your money, no commission currency conversion, free use of ANZA Tams on campus and free txt banking. This shows they are very much in tune with the requirements of being a student in New Zealand which supports Kickbacks main draw card of the bank being a New Zealand owned bank. 2. Co-operative Bank The Co-operative Banks student package is by contrast the least comprehensive. They offer a top interest rate of 5% however their main drawer, even for students, is still the fact that they are not Just New Zealand owned like Kickback but owned by the New Slanderer that bank with them. Growth and Maturity of the Industry New Zealand banks have enjoyed strong growth in lending since the 2008 global downturn. Pro fits however, are down due to â€Å"increasing regulatory pressures and strong competition in the lending market† (KEMP, 2013). Operational Revenue and Profitability At the end of 2013 financial year, the bank recorded profits before rebate at $mm (The Co-operative Bank, 2013). $1 m of this was distributed to customers. As at 31st December 2013 operating revenue reached $4. Mm (The Co-operative Bank, 2013). 5 Strategic Goals The Co-operative Bank has an overall strategic focus on â€Å"achieving long-term refillable growth, based on co-operative principles (The Co-operative Bank, 2013). 6 Target Marketing The Co-operative Bank targets those in the tertiary segment who are motivated by â€Å"good values†. These students, generally 18-25, will be those who are wary of the other big banks and the values they stand for. They will consist of students who are above the other banks â€Å"gimmicks† and would rather see their money buying some â€Å"goodness† rather than get free fries, for example, from a controversial multinational. They will have a solid â€Å"student† lifestyle with a low income, low outgoings and will nearly not have any dependents. 7 Market Positioning competitors try to outdo each other with clever marketing and competitive rates they are, compared to other industries, barely distinguishable from each other. As shown in Figure 1, the Co-operative Bank occupies a position that is relatively separated from its competitors in terms of perceived cost and on a values based analysis. Figure 1 – Positioning of New Zealand Banks This position clearly demonstrates to their target audience that they are set apart from their competitors as an alternative to banking in system where banks are driven y profits for their (often overseas) investors rather than by the values of and profits for their New Zealand owners/customers. Section 2 8 Communication Strategy Since the banks rebind in 2012 the bank has focused its communications on improving low awareness. It is spearheaded by the message â€Å"driven by your prosperity, not our profit†; this focus will help the bank achieve its goal to double its customers within 5 years (Stopper’s, 2014). The key message the bank wants to convey to its target audience is that it is a values-driven bank that plays fair in a banking landscape that is thought of as the opposite. You read "The Co-Operative Bank IMC" in category "Papers" They use a brand image strategy to convey that although they are able to take calculated risks for the benefit of their customer-owners, they want their audience to know they want their activities to be transparent and â€Å"above the line†. The main symbol used by the bank is the infinity sign that consists of the 2 g’s in Co-operative Bank, known as the â€Å"prosperity loop†- See figure 2. The loop is conveniently extracted from the banks name and symbolizes its goal of creating prosperity, not profit, between the bank and its customer-owners with the benefits flowing between the two entities. This symbol associates potential customers with the brand and its objectives of â€Å"being about mutual benefit and true sustainability. (The Co-operative Bank, 2014, p. 2) Figure 2- The Prosperity Loop The loop is replicated though all forms of media advertising further insisting to its customers an ongoing sense of mutuality and support. In print media, the loop headline type treatment overlays both the heads of customers or their children and links them to the banks message, connecting a potential customer’s emotion to the advertisement. The loop could so be seen to symbolism a thought bubble, further personifying the banks message. See figure 3 Figure 3- Print Advertisement This advertisement takes queues from thought leadership marketing as it shows a young, seemingly wealthy man thinking positively about the banks differentiation strategy. As this man represents a lifestyle students aspire to participate in and the target market can now link him to the Co-operative bank. In theory, students will be more likely to think positively about, and possibly Join the bank. This links back to the banks goal of doubling its customer base in five years and helps the bank on their way to achieve it. Another brand association used is the companies color palette. The palette is distinctively fresh and focuses on a bright green color – see figure 4. This associates the brand with being fresh and distinctive as well as with growth. Natural context. This is important to the brands image as it reflects on New Slanderer emotions as a â€Å"clean, green† nation and may help the target market to associate with the bank as an extension of their patriotism. Also the mix of the color green as a symbol of natural growth and money is a reflection of the banks views on sustainable banking. Further, it associates this idea to the Co-operative Banks brand ND reinforces to tertiary students that their principles will bring â€Å"growth† to their â€Å"money’ in a sustainable way. This is particularly relevant to the target market who currently have low incomes but potential to growth their worth in the next few years. For them it means the bank is on their side and wants to work with them to grow their money in a sustainable way. Figure 4- Color Palette 9 Media Strategy and Appropriation The company, carrying out its awareness strategy for growth, used a broad mix of media mediums including a focus on print but also consisting of a television spot, audio advertising, and limited social media (Backbone, Linked in and Youth) to target a wide range of possible customers (Stopper’s, 2014). The campaign is centered on presenting the banks differentiation from other banks as a New Zealand owned bank and the fact it is 100% owned by its customers. Although there was no media directly targeting tertiary students, the Co-operative Banks mix of mediums will have some effect on this target market. Using a universal strategy, as in this case, the bank reaches a large amount of potential customers. It also provides the bank with economies of scale. As a small bank, although not ideal, this strategy is relatively appropriate as, there is limited budget for large scale advertising. The bank has opted to pull resources together rather than loose budget to smaller and perhaps less successful strategies. This is at the cost of targeting specific demographics, such as the tertiary target market, with media strategies tailored to their particular motivations but allows the bank to target all New Slanderer who feel strongly about banking with a New Zealand bank that shares profits with its customers. The content of the advertising draws on emotional strategy and uses a lot of patriotic imagery ouch as beach scenes, trout fishing, and office and cafe culture. These are scenes of New Zealand culture that rouse patriotism in most New Slanderer and this helps the bank not only reach people who will be interested in how the bank functions due to their patriotism but inform others of the benefits of Joining the bank. This is appropriate for the bank as it is harnessing current events (such as the class action against fees and the 2008 global downturn that have caused a cultural shift in New Zealand society in that people are more skeptical of banks) and building on the emotions they feel . It is therefore prudent for the bank to target the majority of society as the majority of society will be motivated by this emotion to Join the bank. 10 Objectives 1. Increase top-of-mind awareness level of the Co-operative bank within the tertiary market by 50% within the next 12 months 2. Increase knowledge within the tertiary market about the benefit of â€Å"owning† the bank they are banking with by 50% within the Bank within the next 12 months. 1 Improvements The weakness of the Banks current MIMIC plan lies in the fact that it has not tailored the plan to target specific groups such as the tertiary market. This suggests that the relationship between The Co-operative Bank and its tertiary customers is not as connected as it could be. To improve this, the bank does not necessarily have to change its message because as outlined prior, the patriotic and anti-status quo message used by its current offering will appeal to this market and also make the most of the banks industr y-relative limited budget. The bank instead should work on making these messages more accessible to the tertiary market in order to improve the communication lines of the banks already strong message. Relationship Reach Include tertiary market specific imagery in print advertising There is a lack of tertiary specific imagery used by creative in the print media. There are a variety of children and young professionals and although some students may see these people as aspirations, they may also feel excluded and therefore disconnected from the banks message as the images are unrepeatable to them at their current age. Create an active twitter account that backs up the banks brand image but also feels like it is maintained by a tertiary student. It will post breaking banking news and intelligently debate key players in the banking industry. Create a presence on campus by locating brochures at campus student finance offices Make brochures available that provides step by step financial planning for students that is branded with Co-operative bank. The brochures will also provide information about the Co- operatives services. The content will be so effective that campus financial planners will recommend them to students. This will increase student’s knowledge about the bank. Change billboards near tertiary institutions to have very tertiary student age appropriate creative. Add a scene to the television spot that is directly relatable to by majority of tertiary students. The advert currently has scenes that will appeal to only a select part of the target market I. E office employees and trout fishers. Adding a tertiary related scene with strong tertiary markers will strengthen the banks relationship with students as they will feel included in their advertising. Promote banks message at campus fairs. Sponsor tertiary events 12 Promotional Mix Recommendations 12. 1 Public Relations and its community based values. Tertiary students will be selected to spend a day in the life of community organizations with a particular emphasis on organizations that purport the interests of tertiary aged students such as canteen and be followed by a documentary team.. The outcome will be a documentary series posted on Community Loop’s Youth. These videos will expect to be picked up by local media and be interesting enough for students to want to share on Youth. 12. 2 Personal Selling At campus events, the bank would loan its employees to event to handle the financial aspect of the event and at the same time inform students of the banks offerings- supporting and promoting the banks message that it works within the community in a positive way. For example, at the â€Å"Nun Games†, Co-operative Bank employees in â€Å"community loop† uniform will handle ticket processing at the gate and have the â€Å"community loop† marquee providing shelter for students. Employees will hold conversations with students about the banks offerings and message. Such a presence evokes brand awareness within in the student community and at the same time, shows off the banks tertiary product. 12. 3 Sales Promotion The bank stands out among other banks as it does not offer students â€Å"gimmicky’ promotions with its package – See appendix 1 . There is an opportunity here for the Ann. To offer a promotion to students that does not seem as lightweight and also gain attention of the students who are likely to switch to the bank because of its message. The promotion will support the banks community centered message and feature a system wherein if you sign up you get a free stationary pack (bio-degradable and from sustainable sources) and a child from a low decide school in the local area also gets a pack. The stationary will feature the banks â€Å"Community Loop† logo. 13 Budget 13. 1 Objective-and-Task Method The bank would use an objective and task method to specify the role advertising will lay for the Co-operative brand and, the budget has been set accordingly. This method has been chosen as it allows the bank to focus on the objectives based on the needs of the bank and therefore reinforce the banks strategy rather than the needs of other factors such as what competitors are doing or how much they can afford. How to cite The Co-Operative Bank IMC, Papers

Tragic Hero free essay sample

Research Paper Instructions In Module/Week 8, you will write a 1500-words (about 5–7-pages) essay that addresses one of the plays from the Drama Unit. A minimum of six citations, including the primary source and at least five secondary scholarly sources, is required for this assignment. Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below. Review the research paper Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded. Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a one-page thesis statement, outline, draft, and bibliography for your research paper. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using MLA, APA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program). You have the opportunity to receive helpful instructor feedback if you submit your thesis, outline, draft, and bibliography by the end of Module/Week 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Tragic Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The research paper is due by the end of Module/Week 8, and should include a title page, thesis statement, and outline, followed by the research essay itself and your correctly documented sources page. Guidelines for Developing Your Paper Topic Chapters 40 and 41 provide helpful pointers for writing about plays and for developing research papers. Be sure to review both chapters thoroughly before you begin doing any further work for this assignment. Choose one of the prompts below to address in your paper: 1. Write an essay explaining how Sophocles’ Oedipus exemplifies or refutes Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero.Review Chapter 33 in your textbook for the background and overview of Aristotle’s concept of tragedy/the tragic hero and drama. This chapter also contains critical information on Sophocles and the play Oedipus. You may use any of the critical material as a secondary source, but remember to cite it correctly. 2. Discuss William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice as a tragedy. As defined by Aristotle, is it correct to label Othello a â€Å"tragic hero† and to classify the play as an Aristotelian tragedy? Review Chapter 34 of your textbook for the background and overview of Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice, and drama. This chapter also contains critical information on Shakespeare and the play Othello, the Moor of Venice. Also, see pp. 855–858 and pp. 1022–1025, which address Aristotle’s concept of tragedy and the tragic hero. You may use any of the critical material as a secondary source, but remember to cite it correctly. 3. Use evidence from Sophocles’ Oedipus, from Shakespeare’s Othello, Moor of Venice, and from secondary sources to explain why you agree or disagree with this statement: â€Å"The downfall of Oedipus is the work of the gods; the downfall of Othello is self-inflicted. (Should you choose this option, you need to read both Oedipus and Othello in full. ) 4. Discuss the author’s perception of death and the treatment of death in Everyman. Finding Scholarly Sources For your papers, you are only permitted to use academic sources. Resources such as 123Essays, Spark Notes, Cliff Notes, and Masterplots (or similar resources) are not scholarly and will not be permitted in your papers. To find appropriate sources, access the Liberty University Library through the Services/Support link on the course menu.From there, you can use the Library Research Portal to find peer-reviewed, scholarly journals. The Literature Resource Center is an excellent resource for these types of papers. If you need additional help finding the right sources, you can receive help from a librarian in the Liberty library by emailing your questions to [emailprotected] edu. You are also free to visit your local library or do some research on the Internet, but make sure you have credible sources. If you are uncertain, email your source to you instructor in advance.

Wealth

Wealth WealthThere are differences between those who are born wealthy and those who earn money. Wealth, especially monetarywealth, means the person can meet all of their needs and wants with great luxury and still have money left to use, waste, save, or share. The people that are born wealthy don't appreciate their money as much as the people who have to earn it. Many people who are born with money become 'stuck up' or in other words they think they are better than other people who have to earn their money. Some people think that they have a harder life because they were not born wealthy. There are a vast number of differences between people that are born rich and people who have to earn their money.I believe that most people who have to earn their money appreciate their money a lot more than people who are born with it.Best Money Exchange Rate for CashPeople who have to earn it know how much time, effort and work it takes to earn the money. Those who are born with money don't realize what the money is worth. People who are born with money don't know how it is to go without it. People who have to earn money usually have gone without the necessities and luxuries money buys. People who earn their money appreciate it more and spend it more wisely.Many people who are born with money think they are better than others that don't have money. They are not actually better; they just have it easier. People who have had money from birth do not understand the concept of earning a living so they make fun of the people who have to work. They also make fun of people that do not have as nice of things like clothes, cars,

The History of World War IIs Battle of Singapore

The History of World War II's Battle of Singapore The Battle of Singapore was fought January 31 to February 15, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) between the British and Japanese armies. The British army of 85,000 men was led by Lieutenant  General Arthur Percival, while the Japanese regiment of 36,000 men was headed by Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita. Battle Background   On December 8, 1941, Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashitas Japanese 25th Army began invading British Malaya from Indochina and later from Thailand. Though outnumbered by the British defenders, the Japanese concentrated their forces and utilized combined arms skills learned in earlier campaigns to repeatedly flank and drive back the enemy. Quickly gaining air superiority, they inflicted a demoralizing blow on December 10 when Japanese aircraft sank the British battleships HMS Repulse and HMS Prince of Wales. Utilizing light tanks and bicycles, the Japanese swiftly moved through the peninsulas jungles. Defending Singapore Though reinforced, Lieutenant General Arthur Percivals command was unable to halt the Japanese and on January 31 withdrew from the peninsula to the island of Singapore. Destroying the causeway between the island and Johore, he prepared to repel the anticipated Japanese landings. Considered a bastion of British strength in the Far East, it was anticipated that Singapore could hold or at least offer protracted resistance to the Japanese. To defend Singapore, Percival deployed three brigades of Major General Gordon Bennetts 8th Australian division to hold the western part of the island. Lieutenant General Sir Lewis Heaths Indian III Corps was assigned to cover the northeastern part of the island while the southern areas were defended by a mixed force of local troops led by Major General Frank K. Simmons. Advancing to Johore, Yamashita established his headquarters at the Sultan of Johores palace. Though a prominent target, he correctly anticipated that the British would not attack it for fear of angering the sultan. Utilizing aerial reconnaissance and intelligence gathered from agents that infiltrated the island, he began to form a clear picture of Percivals defensive positions. The Battle of Singapore Begins On February 3, Japanese artillery began hammering targets on Singapore and air attacks against the garrison intensified. British guns, including the citys heavy coastal guns, responded but in the latter case, their armor-piercing rounds proved largely ineffective. On February 8, the first Japanese landings began on Singapores northwest coast. Elements of the Japanese 5th and 18th Divisions came ashore at Sarimbun Beach and met fierce resistance from Australian troops. By midnight, they had overwhelmed the Australians and forced them to retreat. Believing that future Japanese landings would come in the northeast, Percival elected not to reinforce the battered Australians. Widening the battle, Yamashita conducted landings in the southwest on February 9. Encountering the 44th Indian Brigade, the Japanese were able to drive them back. Retreating east, Bennett formed a defensive line just east of Tengah airfield at Belem. To the north, Brigadier Duncan Maxwells 27th Australian Brigade inflicted heavy losses on Japanese forces as they attempted to land west of the causeway. Maintaining control of the situation, they held the enemy to a small beachhead. The End Nears Unable to communicate with the Australian 22nd Brigade on his left and concerned about encirclement, Maxwell ordered his troops to fall back from their defensive positions on the coast. This withdrawal allowed the Japanese to begin landing armored units on the island. Pressing south, they outflanked Bennetts Jurong Line and pushed towards the city. Aware of the deteriorating situation, but knowing that the defenders outnumbered the attackers, Prime Minister Winston Churchill cabled General Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Chief, India, that Singapore was to hold out at all costs and should not surrender. This message was forwarded to Percival with orders that the latter should fight to the end. On February 11, Japanese forces captured the area around Bukit Timah as well as much of Percivals ammunition and fuel reserves. The area also gave Yamashita control of the bulk of the islands water supply. Though his campaign had been successful to date, the Japanese commander was desperately short of supplies and sought to bluff Percival into ending this meaningless and desperate resistance. Refusing, Percival was able to stabilize his lines in the southeast part of the island and repelled Japanese attacks on February 12. The Surrender Slowly being pushed back on February 13, Percival was asked by his senior officers about surrendering. Rebuffing their request, he continued the fight. The next day, Japanese troops secured Alexandra Hospital and massacred around 200 patients and staff. Early on the morning of February 15, the Japanese succeeded in breaking through Percivals lines. This coupled with the exhaustion of the garrisons anti-aircraft ammunition led Percival to meet with his commanders at Fort Canning. During the meeting, Percival proposed two options: an immediate strike at Bukit Timah to regain the supplies and water or surrendering. Informed by his senior officers that no counterattack was possible, Percival saw little choice other than surrender. Dispatching a messenger to Yamashita, Percival met with the Japanese commander at the Ford Motor Factory later that day to discuss terms. The formal surrender was completed shortly after 5:15 that evening. The Aftermath of the Battle of Singapore The worst defeat in the history of British arms, the Battle of Singapore and the preceding Malayan Campaign saw Percivals command suffer around 7,500 killed, 10,000 wounded, and 120,000 captured. Japanese losses in the fighting for Singapore numbered around 1,713 killed and 2,772 wounded. While some of the British and Australian prisoners were kept at Singapore, thousands more were shipped to Southeast Asia for use as forced labor on projects such as the Siam–Burma (Death) Railway and Sandakan airfield in North Borneo. Many of the Indian troops were recruited into the pro-Japanese Indian National Army for use in the Burma Campaign. Singapore would remain under Japanese occupation for the remainder of the war. During this period, the Japanese massacred elements of the citys Chinese population as well as others who opposed their rule. Immediately after the surrender, Bennett turned over command of the 8th Division and escaped to Sumatra with several of his staff officers. Successfully reaching Australia, he was initially regarded as a hero but was later criticized for leaving his men. Though blamed for the disaster at Singapore, Percivals command was badly under-equipped for the duration of the campaign and lacked both tanks and sufficient aircraft to achieve victory on the Malay Peninsula. That being said, his dispositions prior to the battle, his unwillingness to fortify Johore or the north shore of Singapore, and command errors during the fighting accelerated the British defeat. Remaining a prisoner until the end of the war, Percival was present at the Japanese surrender in September 1945.

Leader Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leader Profile - Research Paper Example In 1997, he was elected to the state senate of Illinois, where he worked as the Public Health and Welfare Committee’s chairman (Leanne, 2009). President Obama’s experience in public service is rooted in his resolute belief in the potential to bring people together around a politics of cause. He improved health care for the elderly and their children, lessened the burden of taxes for working families, and he passed a key ethics reform (Boeckelman & Dupuis, 2007). As a senator of the United States, he worked hard to launch innovative lobbying reform, bring government transparency by setting up federal expenditure online, and confining the most dangerous weapons in the world (Leanne, 2009). However, the office of the United States presidency is a many-sided vocation that necessitates several forms of leadership approaches. President Obama has attracted the attention of the American people as well as foreigners owing to his charismatic personality (Bill, 2009). A charismatic leader has a mysterious capability of persuading others to his standpoint and influences them to achieve a cause or purpose larger than themselves. A charismatic style is transformational if it appeals to a permanent transformation in individuals who accept and adopt the leader’s vision (Leanne, 2009). President Obama, so far, has drawn a lot of people to his vision which has the capacity to have a considerable effect on both foreign and domestic relations (Leanne, 2009). Barack Obama’s personality shows that he is self-assured and determined; humbly superior and self-asserting; amiable, cooperative, and willing to help; fairly good-natured and sociable; and quite responsible (Bill, 2009). The combination of determined and cooperative patterns in the personality of President Obama indicates a ‘self-assured negotiator’ personality type.

Pilgrimage's Role in Development of Buddhism in Japan Essay

Pilgrimage's Role in Development of Buddhism in Japan - Essay Example The Kumano within the Southern Wakayama Prefecture ended up becoming a large center for pilgrims and adherents of Shugendo Sect during Heina Period. Some other significantly important pilgrimages at the time were to Mt. Koya, Hasedera (Kyoto) and Shitenno-ji  (Osaka) (Swanson & Chilson 2006). Between 160 and 1868 AD, during the Edo Period, the number of persons making pilgrimages to Shinto Shrines and Buddhist temples increased rapidly, particularly to the Kotohira Shrine, the Ise Shrine, the 88 Shikoku temples, Zenkoji (Nagano), Mt. Fuji (Shizuoka), and the Kiso Ontake (Nagoya) (Reynolds  2001; Covell 2005). One phenomenon during Edo Era was the special pilgrimage to Ise-Jingu Shrine, known as Okage Mairi. The tradition of Okage Mairi has continued to be unabated even the contemporary Japanese society, with approximately 6 million people paying a visit to Ise Jingu Shrines per annum. Perhaps behind the phenomenon lies some nostalgic past: Resurgent interest in the region and som e desire for a temporary escape from the over-crowded urban settings (Alisal, Ackermann, Dolores 2007). Pilgrimage and Development of Buddhism The history of pilgrimage in Japan could be traced back to the early years, at least by the era of Nara, between 7610-794 AD. The pilgrimages flourished during the initial day, through Heian era (947-1185). At the time, the aristocrats and the imperial family were the most active pilgrims (Kaempfer 1995). During the latter days of the ninth century, the imperial family members took some interest in the religious visits to various shrines in the country and the temples that existed outside Japanese capital of Kyoto. From the late tenth century, the custom became adopted by the aristocrats, to a certain... The development of pilgrimages within Japanese society could greatly be conditioned to geographical, cultural, religious or topographical factors. There were there primary types of pilgrimages among the Japanese: Pilgrimage to the sacred mountains, pilgrimage to the shrines and temples based on the enshrined divinities and pilgrims to the sacred places, which are based on special powers of charismatic persons such as Buddha. The pilgrimages to the sacred mountains were founded on Buddhist notion of jiriki, self power, an idea that made those who are self strong via ascetic practices. Buddhists believed that there was a need of training for one to obtain some special powers, which were acquired through regular visits to the holy mountains. The non-Buddhists specialists like the healers, the ascetics and the shamans as well as the greater public also acquired the special powers. During the Middle Ages (twelfth and eleventh) aristocrats believed in pilgrimages to the sacred mountains to help them experience Pure Land while they were still living. Moreover, it was believed that kami of the mountains were manifestations of the Buddhists divinities; they were merely special ascetics, and would be guided by the aristocrats within the region. By the nineteenth century, there were more that 17,000 senior guides that were familiar with the sacred mountains. Even as the aristocracy and courtship declined during the initial days of Tokugawa era, there was a novel phenomenon emerging in already existing mountain pilgrimage beliefs. There were four major pilgrimage sites that had been recommended by Buddha.

A Critical Analysis Of The Constructivism Method Politics Essay

A Critical Analysis Of The Constructivism Method Politics Essay This essay attempts to provide an overview of constructivism in international relations theory; traces back its origins through writings of some scholars ,particularly Alexander Wendt . It sheds light on prominence of constructivism as a challenger to the mainstream international relations. It first lays out the basic tenets of constructivism and examines their implications on opening new substantive areas to inquiry, such as the roles of gender and ethnicity, which have been largely absent from international relations approaches. Having defined some of the core features of constructivism as an approach, the article examines constructivism as theory . This will be conducted through applying theory functions on constructivism. In addition , the essay shows some of the critiques of constructivism from realist and post-positivist point views. Finally . It concludes with the fact that constructivism is not independent and full-fledged theory but a theoretically informed approach to the study of global politics. Key words: constructivism, ideas, identity, norms, culture, beliefs, social construction anarchy. Constructivism provides a good method, but a poor theory. Discuss. Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the debate between Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism has dominated the discipline of International Relations; materialism was the building blocks of mainstream international theory. For neo-realists, the principal determinant of state behaviour is the distribution of military capabilities among states, consequently anarchy and the distribution of relative power drive most of what goes on in world politics. (Copeland 2000:187) .Neo-liberals also saw state interests as essentially material, even if they did posit the importance of international institutions as intervening variables.( Rues-Smit 2001:224). Thus, societal analysis in international relations scholarship has been marginalised. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the writings of Alexender Wendt (1987, 1992), Friedrich Kratochwil (1989) and Nicholas Onuf (1989) established constructivist ideas, a genuinely radical alternative to conventional IR. Although a relatively new approach to IR, constructivism has returned international scholars to the foundational questions, including the nature of the state and the concepts of sovereignty and citizenship. In addition, constructivism has opened new substantive areas to inquiry, such as the roles of gender and ethnicity, which have been largely absent from international relations approaches. (Mingst 20004:74) By reimagining the social as a constitutive realm of values and practices, and by situating individual identities within such a field, constructivists have placed sociological inquiry back at the centre of the discipline. Aided by the momentous changes that attended the end of the Cold War, and also by the ongoing process of globalization, the constructivists interest in the particularities of culture, identity, interest and experience created space for renaissance in the study of history and world politics. .( Rues-Smit 2001:226) Constructivism as an approach Constructivism is about human consciousness and its role in international life (Ruggie 1998). Constructivists focus on the role of ideas, norms, knowledge, culture, and argument in politics, stressing in particular the role of collectively held or intersubjective ideas and understandings on social life. Specifically, constructivism is an approach to social analysis that asserts the following: (1) human interaction is shaped primarily by ideational factors, not simply material ones; (2) the most important ideational factors are widely shared or intersubjective beliefs, which are not reducible to individuals; and (3) these shared beliefs construct the interests and identities of purposive actors (Adler 1997, Price Reus-Smit 1998, Ruggie 1998, Wendt 1999). The core observation in constructivism is the social construction of reality. This has a number of related elements. One is to emphasize the socially constructed nature of actors and their identities and interests. Instead of assuming that actors are born outside of and prior to society, the claim is that individuals are produced and created by their cultural environment. Nurture not nature. (Branett 2001 : 259). In an of-repeated phrase, Alexander Wendt captured the methodological core of IR constructivism: anarchy is what states make of it. There is no objective international world apart from the practices and institutions that states arrange among themselves. In making that statement , Wendt argues that a self-help anarchy is not some kind of external given which dictates a logic of analysis based on realism: self-help and power politics are institutions ,not essential features of anarchy'(Wendt 1992:395) ,(Jackson Sorensen 1999:239) Alexander Wendt argues that political structure, whether one of anarchy or particular distribution of material capabilities, explain nothing. It tells us little about state behaviour : It does not predict whether two states will be friend or foes, will recognize each others sovereignty ,will have dynastic ties, will have revisionist or status quo powers, and so on. (Wendt 1992:395) . What we need to know is identity, and identities change as a result of cooperative behaviour and learning. Whether the system is anarchic depends on the distribution of identities, not the distribution of military capabilities, as the realist would have us believe. If a state identifies with itself, then the system may be anarchic. If a state identifies with other states, then there is no anarchy (.(Mingst 20004:75) A security dilemma , for example , is not merely made up of the fact that two sovereign states possess nuclear weapons. It also depends on how those states view each other; that view is based on shared knowledge. ,(Jackson Sorensen1999:238) In a constructivist analysis, agents and structures are mutually constituted; structures not only constrain actors, they also shape the identities and the interests of them. Thus structures are also defined by ideas, norms, and rules; in other words, structures contain normative and material elements. The challenge, therefore, is to recognize that the normative structure can create agents and that agents can create and possibly transform those structures. (Branett 2001 : 255). According to Alder , constructivisms importance and its added value for the study of international relations lie mainly in its emphasis on the ontological reality of intersubjective knowledge and on the epistemological and methodological implications of this realty. ( Alder1997:322) . Additionally , power can be understood not only as the ability of one actor to do what they would not to do otherwise , but also as the production of identities and interests that limit the ability to control their life. In sum , the meanings that actors bring to their activities are shaped by the underlying culture, and meanings are not always fixed but are a central feature of politics. Constructivism as a theory However, despite of the intellectual vigour that constructivism has fostered, this approach has been criticized. John Mersheimer complains that constructivists put too much emphasis on subjective ideas knowledge: realists believe that the state behaviour is largely shaped by the material structure of the international system. The distribution of material capabilities among states is the key factor for understanding world politics. This means that everything is not uncertain or in flux, says Mersheimer, because the material structure is an objective reality and is not merely intersubjective. (Mearsheimer 1995a:91-92). Although constructivism is deeply concerned with radically changing state behaviour, it says little about how change comes about. It does not tell us why particular discourses become dominant, and others fall by the wayside. And when constructivism trys to point out particular factors that lead to changes in discourse, often argues that material changes drive changes in discourse. So discourse is not determinative , but a reflective of developments in objective world..( Mearsheimer 1995b :42 ). In addition, neo-realists are sceptical about the importance that constructivists attach to norms, in particular international norms. Such norms surely exist, but they are routinely disregarded if that is in the interest of powerful states.( Jackson 2006 ). Moreover, there is no international consensus concerning norms of behaviour in the international system, primary of which is justice and human rights. At the same time, neo-realists are not ready to accept that states can easily become friends due to their social interaction. Such a goal may be desirable in principle, but not realizable in practice, because the structure of the international system forces states to behave as egoists. Anarchy, offensive capabilities, and uncertain intentions combine to leave states with little choice but to compete aggressively with each other. For realists, trying to infuse states with communitarian norms is a hopeless cause (Mearsheimer 1995b: 367). From the post-positivist side, Steve Smith argues that the constructivist view of how ideas and shared knowledge shape the way the actors see themselves in world politics is not sufficiently profound. Furthermore, the constructivist agenda is a rather traditional one, focusing on the interaction of states .There is no place for structure such as capitalism or patriarchy. (Smith 1997:186) Finally, if, as constructivists claim, there is no objective reality . if the world is in the eye of the beholder , then there can be no right or wrong answers , only individual perspectives. With no authoritative texts, all texts are equally valid both the musings of the elite and the practices of everyday men and women. (Mingst 20004:76) Is it a theory? A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence; it presents a concept or idea that is testable. In science, a theory is not merely a guess. A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon. In social sciences, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. A social theory has two key components: (1) it must describe behaviour and (2) make predictions about future behaviours. To evaluate a theory, we must verify many conditions: 1- Generalizability: applicability to many times, places, and issues. 2-Empirical validity: accuracy of predictions. 3-Progression: whether it expands to new predictions or degenerates by excessive modification. If we apply these conditions to constructivism, we will find that constructivism is neither specific enough to be testable, nor parsimonious. And it is unclear what factors are cause nor which are effect. It does not prize deductive methods of theory-construction and does not seek to uncover causalities. ( Ruggie, 1998, 52) Constructivism is a different kind of theory from realism, liberalism, or Marxism and operates at a different level of abstraction. Constructivism is not a substantive theory of politics. It is a social theory that makes claims about the nature of social life and social change; consequently it does not, by itself, produce specific predictions about political outcomes that one could test in social science research. (Finnemore Sikkink 2001:393) As such, it is much more and much less than meets the eye. It is much less because it is not properly a theory that can be viewed as a rival to already existing theories. It offers no predictions about enduring regularities or tendencies in world politics. Instead, it suggests how to investigate them. Consequently, it is much more than meets the eye because if offers alternative ways of thinking about a range of issues. (Branett 2001 : 268) However, the debate about basic theory is of course relevant for the constructivist ambition of demonstrating that ideas matter. How exactly is it that ideas matter? Do changes in ideas always come before changes in material conditions? Do ideas guide policy or are they justifications for policy? Should ideas be seen as causes of behaviour in IR or should they rather be seen as constitutive elements that define what IR is all about? Further clarification in these areas is of vital importance for the constructivist research programme. (Jackson 2006). Drawing on what mentioned above, there is scepticism about constructivism .whether it is properly to be seen as a theory of IR theory or as a philosophical category, a meta-theory or a method for empirical research, or whether it is indeed an approach relevant at several levels. ( Zehfuss 2002:9) . In conclusion, constructivism is not independent and full-fledged theory but a theoretically informed approach to the study of global politics. Conclusion Constructivism challenged the disciplines mainstream on its own terms and on issues that were at the heart of its research agenda. (Branett 2001: 268) However, the rise of Constructivism has had several important impacts on the development of international relations theory and analysis; the social, historical, and normative have returned to the centre stage of debate, especially the American core of the discipline. . ( Rues-Smit 2001:225) Constructivisms core assumptions have shaped its empirical research program in several important ways. They have shaped the kinds of questions constructivists tend to ask by opening up for inquiry issues that other approaches had failed to engage. Understanding the constitution of things is essential in explaining how they behave and what causes political outcomes. Just as understanding how the double-helix DNA molecule is constituted materially enables understandings of genetics and disease, so, too, an understanding of how sovereignty, human rights, laws of war, or bureaucracies are constituted socially allows us to hypothesize about their effects in world politics. (Finnemore Sikkink 2001:394). Their claim deserves attention in a world where inflamed passions lead to bloodshed in the name of neither conquest nor class, but instead simply because of who the enemy is: a Muslim, a Serb, a Tutsi, a Hutu, a Catholic, a Protestant, an Arab, or a Jew. Realism and liberalism are not incapable of explaining hatred, but they struggle to account for such widespread violence that serves neither Mammon nor the national interest. (Kowert,Paul 2001). Finally , Constructivism has become a phenomenon in IR not merely because many scholars adopted it , but because a lot of scholars debated and are still debating it .

Criticism of the Malthusian Theory of Population Essay

Thomas robert malthus was a son of Daniel and Henrieta Malthus. He was born in 1766 in England. He studied philosophy, mathematics and theology at Jesus college, Cambridge in 1784. His students afectonatelly referred to him as â€Å"pop† or population and he entered the church in 1791. He later became a professor of history and political economy in the colledge which East India company maintained at Haileybury near London. He was in this position untill 1834 when he died. Fundamentally malthus did not agree with Adam smith optimism. He was pessimist unlike Adam Smith and other economist, he observed economic realities with greater concern. Especially when it comes to the power people. For instance while Adam Smith was ignoring the severe impact of rising food prices. Malthus did not. Malthus agued that the economic system, as it was working, needed some remedial action. Malthus major contribution where his â€Å" theory of population† and â€Å" the theory of economy crisis† it was his theory of population that dominated his writings. He made many other contributions to the study of economics. He anticipated a member of theoretical contributions of later times. His thesis of deficiency of effective demand was picked up and elaborated systematically by Keynes. Malthus philosopy was a mixture of his religious moralty and cold blooded reality of the world. His reasoning despit the fact that he was a revrend and a gentleman was properly connected in sientific reasoning and language. His approach to the population problem and all the problems in economics and social science which he studied was strictly scientific in the modern perspective. THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS THEORY OF POPULATION Malthus extensive writings on the theory of population was a response to others before him. Some argued that a densly population country was good for production so a very definite and scientific relationship was not developed between population and the means of subsistence. Some argued that the only way to contrrol population is to give workers subsistence wage, some also believe that increase in population is needed to have good, large and powerful millitary. Out of all these economist the one that extrated a response from Malthus was William Godwin whose book â€Å" An inquiry concerning political justice, and its influence on moral and happiness† (1796) argued that human being could reach perfection immoralty and that there will never be over population because as at that time only one-quarter of the earth’s is being cultivated. Malthus response to this was â€Å" An essay on the principle of population â€Å" (1803) which is published in his Sixth edition. In his book Malthus did not agree with the views expressed by Godwin that either the population growth would be counter balanced by a coresponding increase in means of subsistence or reason would prevail leading to check of growth population. Malthus stated that, the populations of the world would increase in geometrin proportion while the proportion of food will increase in an arithmetic progression

Prayer in School Essay example - 1375 Words

Rough Draft / Thesis Even though public schools today are without school prayer, most schools have replaced prayer, with a Silent moment of reflection. Also, the assumption if there is a God or not is a big question as well. I think prayer should be re-instated into schools, because children should be able to express religion freely. I also feel that lack of discipline; youth pregnancy, dropouts, and violence in schools are other issues that can be more controllable if there were religious classes and school prayer. Public schools exist to educate not to proselytize. There are many people that believe prayer doesnt belong in the schools, because it violates the separation of church and state. What does the separation of church†¦show more content†¦Religion is private, and schools are public, so it is appropriate that the two should not mix. To introduce religion in our public schools builds walls between children who may not have been aware of religion differences before (Brochure produced by the Freedom From Religion Foundation). Whether or not to have prayer in schools have been discussed since the early twentieth Century. However, citing separation of church and state (which does not appear) in the First Amendment and applying to the state via the Fourteenth Amendment were successful in getting prayer banned from schools through the judicial system. During the time I attended elementary and middle school there was not an issue whether to start the day with a prayer, because prayer gave me guidance, it made me humble and constantly reminded me right from wrong (Tevis Carter, personnel opinion). In this day and time American Atheists has voiced a loud opinion on prayer in schools. Atheists are a group of individuals that believe that there is not a God. American Atheists Believe that authorizing prayer violates the students rights according to separation of church and state. They also believe it teaches students that there are invisible, supernatural entities which can be implored and appeased through mumbling prayers or reading from holy books. I believe that by not teaching from holy books and praying teaches atheism or secular humanism, resulting in a declineShow MoreRelatedPrayer in Schools Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in Public School There are many different philosophies regarding prayer in public school. It seems to be a difficult issue to decide upon. The opinions are wide-ranging and convoluted. This paper will attempt to highlight the many ideas and opinions as to whether prayers in public school should be allowed and to what extent. It will further show how our founders idea of a separate church and state has been taken out of context and why prayer in school should be allowed, but not requiredRead MoreShould Prayer Be Allowed? School?1623 Words   |  7 Pagesis too powerful and those that would agree that prayer should be allowed in school. On the flip side to that those that feel the government does not have enough power and tend to disagree with pear being allowed in school. Based off articles researched and statistics gathered as well summarized it can be determined that those that are of the conservative and or republican party tend to feel that the government should not have a say in prayer in s chool. This may be because of religious preference orRead More No Prayer in Public Schools Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesNo Prayer in Public Schools Chapter three of Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints inspired me to research today’s issues of school prayer. To understand how we got to where we are today, I first delved into our countries history of court cases pertaining to rulings on prayer in schools. Lastly, to update my audience on how our lives are being affected today, I directed my efforts toward finding current situations. By analyzing these situations, I gained knowledge for a better understanding ofRead MoreDownfall of Education System was No School Prayer649 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Since prayer was removed from public school classrooms in 1962, we have had a 6-fold increase in violent crime, our divorce rate has tripled,births to single mothers have increased 5-fold, the teenage suicide rate has tripled, and SAT scores have dropped 10%.(Creation Today). Reasons that represent why prayer and moments of silence should be allowed in the public school system will be expressed. This essay will represent the a ffirmative stance when regarding this topic of school wide prayer and momentsRead MoreAmerica Needs Prayer in Public Schools Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pages Not so long ago, a typical school day would begin with the Pledge of Allegiance and a prayer. Today, a simple prayer is considered offensive and unconstitutional. A prayer is meant to be a conversation with God; a personal connection to a sovereign being of choice. I personally believe that prayer is beneficial. Prayer calms my mind and gives me the chance to thank God for all of his blessings. Granted, not everyone believes in the same God that I do. I believe most people would probably agree thatRead MoreReflecting on Religious Expression and School Prayer Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesthat need refining. In reflecting on religious expression and school prayer, it is important to realize the current legal issues and policies that should inform the regulation of such within the context of the school. 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Though each of the clauses are originallyRead MoreThe Prayer On Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesFor much of the 20th Century and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions in American government and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and theRead MoreThe Issue of School Prayer1009 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of school prayer has been a thorny one in the United States for many years now. In the beginning of the nineteenth century readings of the Bible and prayer were common practices in public schools. However prayer was banned in 1962 due to claims that it was violating the First Amendment righ t that the government was not allowed to support religion, and from then on the Supreme Court has ruled against any and all forms of prayer in schools. Schools cannot however ban students from prayingRead MorePrayer in the Public Schools1111 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in the Public Schools Diana Brown Everest Online Composition 1-226 ABSTRACT This essay is composed of facts supporting that prayer in Public Schools would be beneficial for the children and the United States of America. Prayer is an address to God or a god in word or thoughts. The Anti- Defamation League states that, â€Å"A moment of silence will inevitably be unconstitutional or the purpose and effect of such moments of silence are invariably to advance religion. The U.S. Supreme Court

Indias law on acid attacks - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2213 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ecology Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations It can be concluded from the research of the laws prevalent in various countries that India has recognized the effects and the increasing incidence of acid violence in the country over the last few years. India has now made acid violence a specific offence and have through legislation ensured that victims be provided free treatment in both government and private hospitals. Also through the Supreme Court judgment it is mandated that the victim be given a minimum of 3 lakhs Rs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indias law on acid attacks" essay for you Create order as compensation by the State government. But still the implementation lacks as there are no agencies / bodies created at the state or district level to ensure that the mandatory provisions are implemented. There is an absence of National/State Monitoring Board or any National / State Victim Fund to adhere to the needs of the victims and also to ensure implementation at the ground level. The National Commission for Women in 2008 recommended establishment of National/State Monitoring Board and a National / State Victim Fund for the purpose but till now no such body is in existence. Even regards compensation and regulating sale and use of corrosive acids, the states have not come out with their policies despite repeated directions by the Supreme Court over the last few years. Also there is no grievance redressal system in place like the Special Acid Violence Tribunals created in Bangladesh. Recommendations- Recommendations with regards to Medical Support- Victims of acid violence need urgent medical support as time is of the essence. The first aid and the medical treatment, including cosmetic surgeries etc. are very expensive. Even in cases of less severe burns the amount spent in surgeries runs into lakhs of Rupees. Inspite of the Supreme Court’s guidelines and provisions in the I.P.C and Cr.P.C, the victims of acid violence face many obstacles in receiving free treatment and also seeking compensation from the Government. From the ground realities it is observed that therein lays the problem of implementation. In many cases of acid violence reported the victims still await the much needed compensation[1] and are denied the essential treatment on technical grounds. Also any delay in the surgery and skin-grafting procedures causes new skin to grow over the burnt skin causing further disfigurement. So to ensure effective implementation it is proposed:- That the Government issue Acid Victim cards to the victims of acid attack which are recognized and accepted in various Government and private hospitals in the Delhi- NCR area ensuring sppedy medical and first-aid treatment to the victims. That such hospitals be mandated to provide medicines and other services free of costs to the victims possessing these Govt. Issued Acid Victim Cards since many of the victims are poor and cant afford even the medicines let alone the surgeries. Also every such hospital should be mandated to reserve atleast 2 wards for victims of acid violence, since absence of beds is given as one of the reasons denying access of treatment to the victims. Also Victims of Acid Burns are prone to infection and so hygienic environment is one of the most essential aspects of treatment. The orders of the Supreme Court with regards to compensation should be implemented and a fund should be incorporated for victims of acid violence so that timely compensation can be paid to ensure urgent first aid and basic skin treatment. There should be in place a National Acid Attack Victim’s Assistance Board on the lines recommended by the National Commission for Women Draft Bill or a Criminal Injuries Compensation Board as recommended by the Law Commission in its 226th Report so as to have in place a monitoring authority to ensure the victim’s grievances are heard and timely compensation accorded to them.[2] Recommendations regarding Rehabilitation and After care of victims of acid violence-Victims of acid violence are unable to follow their normal routines for many years due to constant surgeries and treatment and in many cases are discarded by their families due to mounting costs of treatment. So it is proposed that:- The victims of acid violence are given employment in Govt. and Public Sector Undertakings since many people are unwilling to hire them because of their appearance and since due to their surgeries and medical treatments they have been out of skilled work for many years. In cases where the victim is not in a position to work due to medical and psychological reasons, the government should give monthly pension or some other fixed amount. The Acid Victim Card issued by the govt. for hospitals could be used to disburse this monthly amount. Furthermore since the victims are often shunned away from their homes due to medical expenses, it is proposed to provide the victims with a safe and hygienic accommodation as has been done by the State of Karnataka for victims of acid violence. Recommendations with regards to Framing Policy for previous Victims(Drafting a Scheme)- Past Victims of acid violence had to endure many obstacles and sufferings due to absence of laws and had to sell their personal belongings to finance their medical treatment. It is only in the 2013 Criminal Amendment Act that acid attacks was recognized as a distinct offence and Section 326A and 326B were introduced in the Indian Penal Code. In this Amendment Act Section 357B and 357C was introduced in Criminal Procedure Code mandating the States to incorporate a fund for victims of acid attacks and to ensure that both Government and Private Hospitals provide free essential medical treatment. In view of this it is proposed that a Scheme should be formulated treating Acid Attack Victims as a disadvantaged class and ensuring that:- In this Scheme even past victims for acid Violence should be compensated for their financial expenditure on their treatments which was a responsibility for the Govt. to provide in the first place. Atleast compensation amounting to 10 Lakhs of Rupees should be paid to them and a Govt job should be provided to them since they are treated as an outcast with no means of livelihood. Also it is proposed that a shelter house should be established for the Delhi-NCR area to cater to the needs of acid attack victims. Also since the victims of acid attacks are mostly girls in the age group of 15-25 yrs it is proposed that the government should frame policies to provide higher education. Due to the attacks many of the girls had to give up education and so remain unskilled. Education is one of the most elementary aspects of ensuring rehabilitation to the victims and ensuring financial independence. So incentives like scholarships, vocational training and reservation of seats should be provided to them through the scheme. Institutes like ILI can reserve a few seats for victims of acid violence and can also provide free legal aid to such victims. Recommendations with regard to Criminal Investigation and Trial Cases of acid violence should be brought under fast track courts since in such cases time is of the essence and due to the urgency of the matter questions regarding fine and compensation are to be decided at the earliest. Also a time period should be fixed within which the investigation is to be completed like it is 60 days in Bangladesh. Police officers found negligent or intentionally misleading investigations should be made criminally liable as done by other countries to ensure the perpetrators of such acts are brought to justice. Recommendations regarding establishment of Skin Banks, a Monitoring Authority, Sensitization and awareness- The Government should promote awareness with regards to acid violence and their detrimental effects. Also basic First Aid to be given to the victims should be highlighted. The govt. should enhance its efforts to sensitize the public generally towards victims of acid attacks so that they are not ridiculed and are brought to the manifold of life. The victims have done no wrong. It is the accused and the perpetrators who should lose face and not the victim. She deserves all the support we can give her. Inspite of the directions of the Supreme Court the Sale of Acid continues Unregulated. The Government should empower the SDM to carry out regular checks over the acid-selling Counters and also to ensure that the Companies manufacturing and distributing acids comply with the Supreme Court Guidelines. The SDM has to be given greater powers in this regard and the punishment for failure to comply with the guidelines with regards to Regulation of acid should invite heavt penalties so as to be a deterrent. Skin banks for acid attack survivors[3] At present, there are no skin banks at government-run hospitals, making skin donation out of reach for the poor.In February 2012, when the Union health ministry approved the idea of setting up a skin bank at New Delhi’s Safdarjung Hospital, acid attack survivors and burns patients across north India saw a ray of hope. However, the project is yet to see the light of day, according to replies to an RTI application filed by acid attack survivor and activist Pragya Prasun Singh.[4] Skin banks would not only help acid attack victims, but also those who suffer severe burns. The project was also supposed to involve an awareness programme on skin donation, but there is no such awareness programme in effect as of yet. Proposed Amendments Amendments to the Indian Evidence Act-It is proposed that section 114B of the Indian Evidence Act should be incorporated. Section 114 B would read as: 114B- Presumption as to acid attack-If a person has thrown acid on, or administered acid to, another person the court shall presume that such an act has been done with the intention of causing, or with the knowledge that such an act is likely to cause such hurt or injury as is mentioned in Section 326 A of the Indian Penal Code. Amendments to the Indian Penal Code- it is proposed that the recommendations of both National Commission for Women and the Law Commission should be complied with and a minimum amount of fine should be laid down both in Section 326A and Section 326 B. The National Commission for Women in its Draft Bill laid down the quantum of fine as 5 lakhs to be paid by the accused to the victim while the 226th Report laid down the amount of fine upto 10 lakhs. Even in cases of attempt to throw acid, the amount of fine should atleast be Rs. 2 lakhs so as to deter future cases of acid violence. Amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure Section 161 should be amended so as to include 326A and 326B as the class of cases wherein the statement of the women who is victim of acid violence will be recorded by the women police officer or any woman officer. Section 167(5) of the Code should be amended so as to include a proviso stating that in cases of acid violence the investigation shall be concluded within a period of 30days from the arrest of the accused and in case of delay for no fault of the investigating officer, it shall be completed within a period of 2 months from the date of arrest of the accused. It is proposed Section 309 of the CrPC be amended so as to include Section 326A and Section 326B in the first proviso. Section 309 relates to the power to postpone or adjourn proceedings. It would mean that in cases of Section 326A and 326B, the trial or inquiry should be completed within a period of 2 months from the date of filing of the charge sheet. Furthermore Sec309 should be amended to introduce an additional proviso stating that in case of adjournment or in case of discharge of accused u/s 245 Crpc, the court may order interim compensation for the urgent treatment of victim of acid violence. Section 357A (5) should be amended so as to include a proviso so that in cases of acid violence interim compensation for urgent medical treatment should be disbursed to the concerned hospital treating the victim within 15 days. Section 357C should be amended so as to clarify that the hospitals (public/private) providing free treatment to victims of acid violence will get the amount reimbursed from the state’s Victim Compensation Fund after presenting the requisite details of the treatment provided signed by the victim. For this purpose the Government is to provide Acid Attack Victim Medical cards so as to make the whole process more transparent and easier for the victims of acid violence. Provisions as to Bail-Section 437 of the Code of Criminal Procedure should be amended so as to include a proviso that in cases of acid violence no bail should be given to the accused if it appears that on being released the accused would threaten the victim or would use his position to threaten/influence the victim or her family members. Also it should be made out that normally in cases of acid violence bail is not to be given unless accused shows that he has a strong defence or that preponderance of probabilities lies in favour of the accused. [1] See also Sapna Case Study in Chapter 5.1. [2] See Chapter 2.4.3 Draft Bills and Reports of this work. [3] Nupur Sonar, No skin to hide the Scars, 21st Dec’2013 available at: https://www.tehelka.com/no-skin-to-hide-the-scars/(Visited on 20th Feb 2014). [4] Ibid.